What are country stances on alternative plastics?

Alternative plastics encompass a variety of materials and approaches aimed at replacing traditional fossil fuel-derived plastics. Bioplastics, derived from renewable sources like plants or agricultural byproducts, offer a sustainable alternative by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and potentially lowering greenhouse gas emissions. They can be bio-based (made from renewable feedstocks) or biodegradable (capable of breaking down under specific conditions). Biodegradable plastics, designed to naturally decompose through biological processes, help curb plastic waste accumulation, emphasising the importance of proper disposal methods. Recycled plastics, sourced from post-consumer or post-industrial waste and reprocessed into new products, contribute to a circular economy by reducing demand for virgin plastics.

While alternative plastics play a role in addressing the plastic problem, their widespread adoption may necessitate investment in waste management infrastructure for collection and processing. In negotiations to combat plastic pollution, promoting and incentivising the use of alternative plastics emerges as a critical strategy to achieve sustainability objectives and reduce the environmental impact of plastic production and disposal. By encouraging the adoption of bioplastics, biodegradable plastics and recycled plastics, stakeholders aim to foster innovation, resource efficiency and environmental stewardship in the plastics industry. However, careful consideration is needed to ensure that alternative plastics meet safety and performance standards while effectively addressing plastic pollution concerns, underscoring the importance of comprehensive strategies that prioritise sustainability throughout the plastic life cycle.

The European Union and Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) have strengthened provisions on alternative plastics: Both regions have expressed that plastic and plastic products should be based on minimum/appropriate design criteria. PSIDS stresses on the safety, sustainability, transparency and traceability of laternatives.

The United States, Brazil, Iran, India and Africa have agreed to the provisions. India has denied the use of economic instruments to promote the use of alternative plastics.

Japan weakened the language by adding and using text such as “encourage” instead of “ensure”. Russia, on the other hand, mentioned that biodegradable plastics should not be looked at alternatives since they are a source of microplastics.

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